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Verbal Apraxia
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Dysarthria
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Severe Phonological Disorder
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No weakness, incoordination or paralysis of speech musculature |
Decreased strength and coordination of speech musculature that leads to imprecise speech production, slurring and distortions
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No weakness, incoordination or paralysis of speech musculature |
No difficulty with involuntary motor control for chewing, swallowing, etc. unless there is also an oral apraxia
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Difficulty with involuntary motor control for chewing, swallowing, etc. due to muscle weakness and incoordination |
No difficulty with involuntary motor control for chewing and swallowing
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Inconsistencies in articulation performance--the same word may be produced several different ways |
Articulation may be noticeably "different" due to imprecision, but errors generally consistent
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Consistent errors that can usually be grouped into categories (fronting, stopping, etc.)
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Errors include substitutions, omissions, additions and repetitions, frequently includes simplification of word forms. Tendency for omissions in initial position. Tendency to centralize vowels to a "schwaa"
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Errors are generally distortions |
Errors may include substitutions, omissions, distortions, etc. Omissions in final position more likely than initial position. Vowel distortions not as common.
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Number of errors increases as length of word/phrase increases |
May be less precise in connected speech than in single words |
Errors are generally consistent as length of words/phrases increases
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Well rehearsed, "automatic" speech is easiest to produce, "on demand" speech most difficult
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No difference in how easily speech is produced based on situation
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No difference in how easily speech is produced based on situation |
Receptive language skills are usually significantly better than expressive skills |
Typically no significant discrepancy between receptive and expressive language skills
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Sometimes differences between receptive and expressive language skills
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Rate, rhythm and stress of speech are disrupted, some groping for placement may be noted |
Rate, rhythm and stress are disrupted in ways specifically related to the type of dysarthria (spastic, flaccid, etc.)
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Typically no disruption of rate, rhythm or stress
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Generally good control of pitch and loudness, may have limited inflectional range for speaking |
Monotone voice, difficulty controlling pitch and loudness |
Good control of pitch and loudness, not limited in inflectional range for speaking
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Age-appropriate voice quality |
Voice quality may be hoarse, harsh, hypernasal, etc. depending on type of dysarthria |
Age-appropriate voice quality |
